All right. Well, take care yourself. I guess that’s what you’re best, presence old master? A tremor in the Force. The last time felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. I can’t get involved! I’ve got work to do! It’s not that I like the Empire, I hate it, but there’s nothing I can do about it right now.

Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.

The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Leave that to me. Send a distress signal, and inform the Senate that all on board were killed. Red Five standing by.

I find your lack of faith disturbing. A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. Hey, Luke! May the Force be with you. Red Five standing by. Red Five standing by. Your eyes can deceive you. Don’t trust them.

Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing. The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Oh God, my uncle. How am I ever gonna explain this? As you wish. Escape is not his plan. I must face him, alone. You mean it controls your actions?

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

A morning without coffee is like sleep.
Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. In my experience, there is no such thing as luck. Red Five standing by.

A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her. Now she is my only link to finding their secret base. Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Red Five standing by. Don’t be too proud of this technological terror you’ve constructed. The ability to destroy a planet is insignificant next to the power of the Force. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

All right. Well, take care yourself. I guess that’s what you’re best, presence old master? A tremor in the Force. The last time felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. I can’t get involved! I’ve got work to do! It’s not that I like the Empire, I hate it, but there’s nothing I can do about it right now.

Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.

The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Leave that to me. Send a distress signal, and inform the Senate that all on board were killed. Red Five standing by.

I find your lack of faith disturbing. A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. Hey, Luke! May the Force be with you. Red Five standing by. Red Five standing by. Your eyes can deceive you. Don’t trust them.

Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing. The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Oh God, my uncle. How am I ever gonna explain this? As you wish. Escape is not his plan. I must face him, alone. You mean it controls your actions?

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

A morning without coffee is like sleep.
Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. In my experience, there is no such thing as luck. Red Five standing by.

A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her. Now she is my only link to finding their secret base. Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Red Five standing by. Don’t be too proud of this technological terror you’ve constructed. The ability to destroy a planet is insignificant next to the power of the Force. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

All right. Well, take care yourself. I guess that’s what you’re best, presence old master? A tremor in the Force. The last time felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. I can’t get involved! I’ve got work to do! It’s not that I like the Empire, I hate it, but there’s nothing I can do about it right now.

Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.

The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Leave that to me. Send a distress signal, and inform the Senate that all on board were killed. Red Five standing by.

I find your lack of faith disturbing. A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. Hey, Luke! May the Force be with you. Red Five standing by. Red Five standing by. Your eyes can deceive you. Don’t trust them.

Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing. The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Oh God, my uncle. How am I ever gonna explain this? As you wish. Escape is not his plan. I must face him, alone. You mean it controls your actions?

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

A morning without coffee is like sleep.
Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. In my experience, there is no such thing as luck. Red Five standing by.

A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her. Now she is my only link to finding their secret base. Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Red Five standing by. Don’t be too proud of this technological terror you’ve constructed. The ability to destroy a planet is insignificant next to the power of the Force. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

All right. Well, take care yourself. I guess that’s what you’re best, presence old master? A tremor in the Force. The last time felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. I can’t get involved! I’ve got work to do! It’s not that I like the Empire, I hate it, but there’s nothing I can do about it right now.

Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.

The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Leave that to me. Send a distress signal, and inform the Senate that all on board were killed. Red Five standing by.

I find your lack of faith disturbing. A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. Hey, Luke! May the Force be with you. Red Five standing by. Red Five standing by. Your eyes can deceive you. Don’t trust them.

Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing. The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Oh God, my uncle. How am I ever gonna explain this? As you wish. Escape is not his plan. I must face him, alone. You mean it controls your actions?

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

A morning without coffee is like sleep.
Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. In my experience, there is no such thing as luck. Red Five standing by.

A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her. Now she is my only link to finding their secret base. Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Red Five standing by. Don’t be too proud of this technological terror you’ve constructed. The ability to destroy a planet is insignificant next to the power of the Force. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

All right. Well, take care yourself. I guess that’s what you’re best, presence old master? A tremor in the Force. The last time felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. I can’t get involved! I’ve got work to do! It’s not that I like the Empire, I hate it, but there’s nothing I can do about it right now.

Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.

The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Leave that to me. Send a distress signal, and inform the Senate that all on board were killed. Red Five standing by.

I find your lack of faith disturbing. A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. Hey, Luke! May the Force be with you. Red Five standing by. Red Five standing by. Your eyes can deceive you. Don’t trust them.

Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing. The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Oh God, my uncle. How am I ever gonna explain this? As you wish. Escape is not his plan. I must face him, alone. You mean it controls your actions?

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

A morning without coffee is like sleep.
Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. In my experience, there is no such thing as luck. Red Five standing by.

A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her. Now she is my only link to finding their secret base. Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Red Five standing by. Don’t be too proud of this technological terror you’ve constructed. The ability to destroy a planet is insignificant next to the power of the Force. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

All right. Well, take care yourself. I guess that’s what you’re best, presence old master? A tremor in the Force. The last time felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. I can’t get involved! I’ve got work to do! It’s not that I like the Empire, I hate it, but there’s nothing I can do about it right now.

Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.

The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Leave that to me. Send a distress signal, and inform the Senate that all on board were killed. Red Five standing by.

I find your lack of faith disturbing. A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. Hey, Luke! May the Force be with you. Red Five standing by. Red Five standing by. Your eyes can deceive you. Don’t trust them.

Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing. The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Oh God, my uncle. How am I ever gonna explain this? As you wish. Escape is not his plan. I must face him, alone. You mean it controls your actions?

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

A morning without coffee is like sleep.
Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. In my experience, there is no such thing as luck. Red Five standing by.

A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her. Now she is my only link to finding their secret base. Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Red Five standing by. Don’t be too proud of this technological terror you’ve constructed. The ability to destroy a planet is insignificant next to the power of the Force. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

All right. Well, take care yourself. I guess that’s what you’re best, presence old master? A tremor in the Force. The last time felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. I can’t get involved! I’ve got work to do! It’s not that I like the Empire, I hate it, but there’s nothing I can do about it right now.

Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.

The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Leave that to me. Send a distress signal, and inform the Senate that all on board were killed. Red Five standing by.

I find your lack of faith disturbing. A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. Hey, Luke! May the Force be with you. Red Five standing by. Red Five standing by. Your eyes can deceive you. Don’t trust them.

Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing. The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Oh God, my uncle. How am I ever gonna explain this? As you wish. Escape is not his plan. I must face him, alone. You mean it controls your actions?

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

A morning without coffee is like sleep.
Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. In my experience, there is no such thing as luck. Red Five standing by.

A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her. Now she is my only link to finding their secret base. Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Red Five standing by. Don’t be too proud of this technological terror you’ve constructed. The ability to destroy a planet is insignificant next to the power of the Force. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

All right. Well, take care yourself. I guess that’s what you’re best, presence old master? A tremor in the Force. The last time felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. I can’t get involved! I’ve got work to do! It’s not that I like the Empire, I hate it, but there’s nothing I can do about it right now.

Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.

The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Leave that to me. Send a distress signal, and inform the Senate that all on board were killed. Red Five standing by.

I find your lack of faith disturbing. A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. Hey, Luke! May the Force be with you. Red Five standing by. Red Five standing by. Your eyes can deceive you. Don’t trust them.

Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing. The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Oh God, my uncle. How am I ever gonna explain this? As you wish. Escape is not his plan. I must face him, alone. You mean it controls your actions?

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

A morning without coffee is like sleep.
Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid. I find your lack of faith disturbing.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. As you wish.

Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. Ye-ha! The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. In my experience, there is no such thing as luck. Red Five standing by.

A tremor in the Force. The last time I felt it was in the presence of my old master. I have traced the Rebel spies to her. Now she is my only link to finding their secret base. Remember, a Jedi can feel the Force flowing through him.

I need your help, Luke. She needs your help. I’m getting too old for this sort of thing. Red Five standing by. Don’t be too proud of this technological terror you’ve constructed. The ability to destroy a planet is insignificant next to the power of the Force. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands. The plans you refer to will soon be back in our hands.

Vertical Steam Boilers Are Safer By Design

Vertical Steam Boilers

Choosing a steam boiler for your facility is an enormous decision — especially if you’re looking for a cost-effective option that will last you for years to come. Luckily, by prioritizing safety and energy efficiency, your facility can actually end up saving money in the short-term and the long-term.

We size our boilers to specifically meet the requirements set forth by the company’s steam demands. Instead of having a boiler running all day, wasting fuel and energy, most of it latent – and a second boiler for backup, IDM

will let our customers know, through our in-service efficiency studies, exactly the amount of horsepower they would need to run the operation efficiently and if we’ll calculate for certain variables (seasonal temperature changes, load swings from running different & unrelated processes throughout the day/week/month).

Essentially, in the short term – we customize our units around their processes and give them what they really need. There have been many occasions where one of our customers advised that they are only running half of what they need and the fire tube unit they received was sized too large.

Operating costs are lower because the boiler runs only when you need it. Customers use less fuel, which lessens the need for a company to have an operator or boiler technician on hand 24/7.

Learn how the safety and energy efficiency of a IDM steam boiler is a cut above the rest.

Safety

When purchasing a boiler, safety should be one of your top concerns. If a conventional fire tube boiler becomes unstable and fails, the resulting explosion can be devastating and potentially lethal. That’s not the case with IDM boilers, which boast an unparalleled track record for safety. Here’s what you can expect with a IDM steam boiler:

• No catastrophic failures. Thanks to innovative engineering, any issue with a IDM water tube boiler will remain localized, preventing devastating explosions that can occur with unstable fire tube boilers. In IDM ’s long history of producing top-notch steam power systems (and with over 140,00 units in operation worldwide), there has never been a documented catastrophic failure of one of its boilers.
• Monitoring system.Every IDM boiler comes equipped with the IDM Online Maintenance System (MOM), which detect issues before they become serious problems. The system allows expert IDM technicians to monitor real-time boiler data and diagnose issues remotely.

Energy efficiency

In addition to an impeccable safety record, IDM steam boilers are more energy efficient and environmentally friendly than conventional boilers. Why?

• They save on fuel. Running a boiler 24/7 when you’re not using it is a waste of fuel. IDM modular boilers turn on and off easily — producing steam only when you need it.
• They conserve water. IDM boilers operate using 90 percent less water than conventional fire tube boilers.
• They emit less greenhouse gases. IDM boilers boast some of the industry’s lowest NOx emissions right off the shelf.

What Industries Benefit the Most From a Modular Boiler System?

The correct kind of heater for your business is to a great extent reliant on your industry. Periodically, counseling with different organizations in your industry is the most ideal approach to locate the correct kettle. In any case, an ever increasing number of enterprises are finding that a measured evaporator framework is the correct fit. Here are a couple of businesses that have started to see incredible advantages in utilizing a measured heater framework.

Social insurance

Healing facilities regularly have immense steam requirements for warming, humidification, and disinfection purposes. A particular heater framework can assist manage these extensive needs that are frequently in a consistent condition of vacillation. Secluded boilers are likewise more fuel effective than regular boilers, helping healing centers spare cash on fuel and devote a greater amount of their financial plan toward helping patients.

Colleges

Most school grounds have enormous steam needs early in the day, just to see those requirements disseminate over the span of the day. Secluded boilers are preferable at ceasing and beginning once again more seasoned boilers that run sit out of gear and waste vitality when they’re not running at crest limit. Not exclusively improves suited to manage a school’s fluctuating needs, however it decreases fuel costs so more cash can be put toward instructive administrations.

Bottling works

Distilleries depend on proficient boilers to make high temp water amid the fermenting procedure, also the disinfection and purification that happens when the brew is set in barrels or jugs. For littler specialty bottling works, the littler size of measured boilers is additionally advantageous, as they can spare space when space is frequently at a premium.

Nourishment Industry

Any sort of sustenance maker requires expansive volumes of boiling water for sanitation, and also steam to warm the building, cook and get ready nourishment, and power different machines. This isn’t normally done on an all day, every day premise, as it’s vital to have particular boilers that can be turned on and off as requirements change, as opposed to depend on out-dated boilers that are continually running and squandering vitality notwithstanding when they aren’t being used.

Clothing

Clothing offices both of all shapes and sizes require vast volumes of heated water for cleaning, and also steam to iron and press garments. Like different enterprises, these necessities aren’t steady. With particular boilers, clothing offices can rapidly begin their boilers and make them work at full limit in a brief timeframe and after that begin to turn them off as their needs decrease.

Materials

Material assembling expects water to be warmed to a particular temperature amid the coloring procedure. Particular steam boilers have the advancement to achieve that temperature in a matter of minutes and stay there as long as vital. Contrasted with traditional boilers, secluded boilers can all the more likely handle the sporadic steam needs of material assembling, helping organizations enhance their profitability.

How Water Tube Type Boilers Work

One of the most recent advances in steam generation innovation is the utilization of water tube boilers. This sort of evaporator is particular from ordinary fire tube boilers. Water tube boilers are more proficient than flame tube boilers, creating more steam yet utilizing less fuel. They are likewise significantly more secure than flame tube boilers and simpler to oversee with regards to routine assessments and upkeep. So how precisely do these water tube boilers work?

It begins with the burner. At the point when fuel is singed inside the heater it makes hot gas that streams all through the evaporator. At times, the gas will hit the back mass of the evaporator and afterward bob back toward the opposite end of the kettle. This makes much more warmth inside the heater, which can help lessen the measure of fuel expected to create warm at ideal levels.

While this hot gas is moving all through the evaporator, it warms up the water inside a progression of tubes that sit amidst the kettle. These water tubes are formed like a square shape and generally the length of the kettle itself. The tubes are likewise totally fixed and can withstand a lot of weight so no water can spill out and no fire or gas can infiltrate within the tube. Basically, the fire and gas delivered by the burner float around the water tubes, warming them and the water inside them remotely.

This is a striking distinction from flame tube boilers, in which the water that is being utilized to make steam will encompass the warmth source. With water tube boilers, the warmth source is scattered all through the heater and encompasses the water tubes, which isn’t just more productive yet in addition requires less water. The water is likewise ready to move and flow all through the tubes, which can put less weight on the heater, a component not found in flame tube boilers.

The water that has been warmed inside the tubes ascends to the highest point of the heater into the steam drum. Sitting at the base of the steam drum is bubbling water that keeps on being warmed by the fire and gas made by the burner. This bubbling water at last moves toward becoming steam that would then be able to be discharged by the kettle to be utilized for warming and different purposes.

The procedure regularly takes just a couple of minutes, making usable steam at a significantly higher rate than flame tube boilers, which can set aside a stretched out time of opportunity to achieve crest creation levels.

Water tube boilers additionally have a downcomer tube that interfaces the steam drum to the feed water drum. On the off chance that the steam cools and consolidates once again into water beads, that water can deplete from the steam drum to the feed water drum through the downcomer tube. This enables water to reappear the kettle’s water supply, return into the tubes, and by and by be transformed into helpful steam. Once more, this decreases the measure of water required inside the heater.

The whole procedure isn’t just done speedier than with conventional boilers yet it should likewise be possible in a substantially littler territory. Therefore, water tube boilers have a littler impression than customary fire tube boilers, accounting for a bigger number of boilers than can additionally upgrade effectiveness.

 

How Laundry Companies Save Money and Energy from Verticl Boilers

Washing garments requires gigantic measures of boiling water, also steam that is utilized to dry, iron, and press garments. With such exceptional needs, clothing organizations are an ideal fit for IDM ‘s particular steam boilers, which can help organizations in the clothing business spare both cash and vitality.

Forward Laundry, Inc. in Baltimore, Maryland is the ideal illustration. Consistently, Up To Date Laundry handles a large number of pounds of clothing for an assortment of lodging and medicinal services customers all through the Mid-Atlantic district. The organization likewise puts awesome accentuation on being earth cordial and decreasing its carbon impression. Both of these errands have turned out to be substantially simpler after Up To Date Laundry introduced three of IDM secluded boilers.

Indeed, even from a cool begin, IDM boilers can get Up To Date Laundry’s plant at its full working weight in negligible minutes. Once there, the boilers can be turned on or off contingent upon the organization’s fluctuating needs finished the course of the day. Traditional boilers would need to keep running on to the max throughout the day, squandering vitality when the requirement for steam diminished. With IDM , Up To Date Laundry presently has boilers with the adaptability to deal with the organization’s correct needs, helping them diminish their vitality costs by 20 percent.

Utilizing less fuel isn’t useful for Up To Date Laundry’s primary concern, yet it additionally enables the organization to meet its discharge objectives. Less fuel implies diminished CO2 emanations, increasing To Date Laundry and comparable organizations agree to limits on petroleum derivative outflows. IDM ‘s boilers are likewise ready to lessen the temperature of their fire, bringing about a 75 percent diminishment in NOx emanations.

“With IDM boilers, there’s to a lesser extent a volume of water in the real heater, which makes for a more secure condition,” says Ken Weiman, the main specialist at Up To Date Laundry.

The capacity to turn IDM boilers on and off helps spare vitality, as well as surrender organizations jump at the chance To Date Laundry compensation alleviation. Prior to doing the change to IDM , regardless of whether clothing tasks ceased for the day, a representative would need to screen the kettle medium-term for security purposes. Notwithstanding, IDM boilers can move to backup or stop totally when they’re not required, knowing they can be failed early in the day and began up in only a couple of minutes. This component of IDM boilers ups To Date Laundry and comparative organizations lessen both labor and finance, which they are very cheerful to do because of IDM .

How a Modular Steam Boiler System Work

The essential plan contrast between measured steam boilers and conventional boilers is estimate. Regular boilers are enormous, waiting be so huge keeping in mind the end goal to meet the pinnacle needs of an organization or association. Secluded boilers, then again, are considerably littler and more minimized. They were intended to address the regularly constrained measure of room in an engine compartment or steam plant. Notwithstanding their minimized size, secluded boilers have no tube-pull space or entryway swing space, additionally diminishing their impression and including important space and adaptability.

In spite of being littler than regular boilers, measured steam frameworks are as yet ready to deliver a similar measure of steam, if not more steam, than more established boilers. The low-volume weight vessel makes it conceivable to accomplish yield limits that are tantamount to regular boilers.

The way to secluded steam boilers is that their littler size makes it conceivable to introduce various boilers in a similar space that was beforehand held for only one huge heater. This gathering of different boilers would all be able to be separate establishments. In any case, it’s more typical for them to have a similar purpose of-utilization, which is a piece of the motivation behind supplanting an old, regular kettle with different secluded boilers.

Having a few measured boilers makes greater adaptability to deal with fluctuating needs and increment the general effectiveness of your heater framework. The littler particular boilers are intended to work pair with each other. In the meantime, they work freely of each other. For example, every evaporator has its own burner so only one out of every odd heater in the framework must be lit all the while.

On the off chance that the steam require is noteworthy, the majority of the boilers can work in the meantime, making the yield of a bigger kettle. In any case, when require drops, some can be closed off with the goal that vitality and fuel aren’t squandered. This gives a secluded heater framework the adaptability to adjust to changing steam needs, while in the meantime making it more vitality productive.

With every evaporator in the framework having its own burner, it’s not just conceivable to close down specific boilers when there’s a drop in require, yet every heater can likewise be closed down for upkeep without the whole framework waiting be closed down. The littler evaporator estimate additionally makes examinations a great deal quicker, with the regular investigation enduring just a large portion of multi day. All the more vitally, steam creation doesn’t need to drop essentially in the occasion one of the boilers requires upkeep or should be closed down for a standard review.

A measured steam heater framework additionally makes it simple to substitute the boilers that are being used. An ace controller can be utilized to differ the measure of steam being delivered by every individual evaporator with the goal that a similar maybe a couple boilers aren’t doing all the truly difficult work while the lay just go ahead from time to time. This component enhances the proficiency of the whole framework and diminishes the wear and tear of every individual kettle, implying that every heater will last more and require upkeep less much of the time.

Dissimilar to regular boilers that set aside a significant lot of opportunity to startup, which frequently expects them to be left out of gear when steam needs are low, secluded boilers are intended to be turned on and off rapidly. Secluded boilers can be begun inside a matter of minutes, so there’s no compelling reason to dither to turn one off when it’s not required. The consequence of this is a noteworthy lessening in the measure of water and fuel utilized contrasted with regular boilers.

The last outline contrast in secluded steam boilers is the means by which simple it can be to include or evacuate boilers when steam necessities change. The particular boilers consume up less space than regular boilers, thus there is commonly space to extend without expecting to grow the measure of the engine compartment or steam plant. Along these lines, a measured steam kettle framework can enhance in general steam generation contrasted with the obsolete boilers of yesteryear.

5 Must-Have Industrial Boiler Ancillaries

In the event that you need your modern heater to execute and also conceivable, you will need to give it some help. This regularly incorporates subordinate items that can help enhance the productivity and wellbeing of your heater. With assistance from these five must-have ancillaries, you can get the most out of your evaporator.

1. Water Softener

Calcium and magnesium in your water supply can cause hard scale on your kettle tube surfaces, which can prompt both overheating and a noteworthy decrease in effectiveness. The best answer for this is a water conditioner that can enhance the nature of the water being utilized in your evaporator. By identifying and treating any hard water you will diminish the possibility of evaporator tube disappointment and enhance your kettle’s proficiency.

2. Boilermate

Boilermate is the most ideal approach to avoid erosion of your kettle’s water tubes. IDM ‘s Boilermate is made basically out of silica, which is a natural and earth amicable fixing that invalidates the destructive particles in water that can cause water tube consumption. It’s a sheltered and powerful approach to treat your water and keep your kettle’s water tubes fit as a fiddle.

3. Concoction Monitoring System

A concoction observing framework like the one offered by IDM incorporates a compound level switch, synthetic pump mistake check, and a stream detecting gadget. The framework will guarantee there is a sheltered adjust of silica originating from your Boilermate to help augment proficiency and keep your heater from being hurt by specific synthetic concoctions.

4. Hardness Detection System

Checking your water’s hardness should be possible physically, in spite of the fact that that can be a tedious movement that doesn’t generally yield exact outcomes. The Colorimetry Hardness Detection System takes care of both of these issues with a robotized infusion of the reagent that tests for hard water and a caution that will alarm you if hardness in your water supply is identified. This will enable you to track your water quality, which is specifically fixing to the life span of your kettle.

5. Heater Monitoring and Control

Each IDM heater incorporates a BL Micro Controller that will screen and distinguish any issues that could conceivably ruin steam creation. The Controller will likewise prescribe a simple to-take after answer for any issue that requires a professional with specific preparing. The BL Micro Controller can likewise be gotten to by IDM through the organization’s remote checking framework, enabling a IDM delegate to talk you through any issue.

Get everything in a turnkey engine compartment

IDM likewise offers a turnkey engine compartment that incorporates all the subordinate items you’ll ever require. IDM turnkey engine compartment incorporates Boilermate, a water conditioner, tanks, pumps, and everything else you’ll require cooperating to amplify your evaporator’s effectiveness. There is additionally a correspondence framework with IDM that will guarantee any issue can be explained at the earliest opportunity.

Contact IDM today to take in more about how a turnkey engine compartment can profit your business.

Pemanfaatan Gas Engine Marine Tanker

PENDAHULUAN

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah tentang kapal tanker dipergunakan untuk mengangkut berbagai bahan kimia cair, misalnya; bahan bakar minyak, baik berupa minyak mentah maupun yang sudah olahan, cairan kimia, merupakan material yang memiliki sifat mudah terbakar dan mudah meledak (ekplosif). Pengiriman bahan bakar dengan menggunakan kapal tanker, dimana bahan bakar tersebut diangkut di dalam tangki-tangki yang terdapat di dalam lambung kapal. Pada setiap kapal tanker selalu ada ruang antara permukaan bahan bakar dengan dinding bagian atas tangki, yang disebut dengan rongga tangki.. Rongga tangki ini memiliki faktor risiko yang tinggi dan memerlukan perlakuan khusus karena bersifat mudah terbakar atau combustible.

Artinya kalau ada penyulut/sumber programming interface di dalam ruang tersebut, maka akan mudah terbakar, karena pada tempat tersebut ada unsur-unsur terjadinya kebakaran, yaitu berupa bahan yang mudah terbakar dan oksigen yang terkandung dalam udara (21%). Sesuai peraturan yang tertuang dalam Amandement SOLAS reg 1-2/4.5.5 International Maritime Organization (IMO) bahwa kadar oksigen di dalam rongga tangki tidak boleh lebih dari 8 persen dalam volume dan harus pada tekanan positif.

Sehingga semua kapal tanker diharuskan dilengkapi dormant gas framework yang berfungsi untuk menjaga rongga udara yang ada di dalam tangki agar memiliki jumlah oksigen sesuai dengan ketentuan International Maritime Organization (IMO) tersebut. Tujuan dari batas oksigen adalah agar isi tangki tidak mudah terbakar pada saat pengiriman maupun bongkar muatan, kecuali bila tangki akan diperlukan untuk bebas (gas liberating), sedangkan tekanan harus positif untuk mencegah udara masuk, serta membantu pemompaan untuk bongkar muatan.

Jika tidak dapat tercapai kondisi tersebut, maka kapal tidak diperbolehkan melakukan pembongkaran kargo maupun pembersihan tangki kargo. Bertambahnya volume rongga tangki akibat pembongkaran muatan harus, diimbangi dengan jumlah gas lembam yang harus dimasukkan ke dalam tangki agar tekanan dan kadar gas lembam tetap terjaga. Kapal Motor tanker Gandini mempunyai kapasitas angkut 42.875 m3 dengan kapasitas bongkar muatan sebesar 1200 m3/h. Latent gas framework yang digunakan adalah Daewoo Heavy Ind. Ltd dengan Nozel measure m14, konsumsi bahan bakar 20 US lady/h. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jumlah bahan bakar yang harus dibakar pada latent gas framework MT. Gandini pada saat bongkar muatan.

Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan secara eksploratif deskriptif.

PEMBAHASAN Kebakaran dan Proses Pembakaran Pada saat melakukan aktivitas bongkar kargo tidak tertutup kemungkinan terjadi gesekan/benturan antara logam-logam yang dapat menimbulkan percikan bunga programming interface. Jika percikan tersebut terjadi dan rongga udara di atas minyak memiliki kandungan oksigen yang cukup tinggi (21%), maka percikan bunga programming interface tersebut dapat menyulut bahan bakar sehingga menimbulkan kebakaran maupun ledakan. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu sistem yang mengatur kandungan oksigen hingga kandungannya berada di bawah 8%, sesuai Standar for latent gas frameworks yaitu dengan menggunakan sistem pembangkit gas lembam (Inert Gas System,IGS,1984:

2) berupa CO2 dan gas lainlain hasil pembakaran, yang tidak mendukung expositions terjadinya kebakaran. Fungsi gas lembam yang lain adalah untuk menjaga agar tekanan di atas rongga muatan kapal tetap positif agar isi kargo mudah dipompakan dan menghindari udara luar masuk ke dalam tangki. Tiga unsur penyebab kebakaran yang berada pada suatu tempat secara bersamaan adalah:

(1) Material yang mudah terbakar, sebagai bahan bakar,

(2) Sumber programming interface (start source),

(3) Oksigen (yang cukup). Menurut Efisiensi Energi Untuk Industri Asia www.energyefficiencyasia (2006:13)

komposisi bahan bakar dari analisis laboratorium sebagai berikut: Sedangkan information analisis dengan jumlah sampel minyak bakar 100 kg, maka reaksi kimianya adalah sebagai berikut: Reaksi Kimia Pembakaran C + O2 – > CO2 2 + 1/2O2 – > H2O S + O2 – > SO2 Unsur Bahan Bakar: 1. Untuk pembentukan CO2 C + O2 – > CO2 12 + 32 – > 44 atau 1 (C) + 32/12 (O2) – > 44/12 (CO2) 12 kg karbon memerlukan 32 kg oksigen membentuk 44 kg karbon dioksida. Oleh karena itu 1 kg karbon memerlukan 32/12 kg atau 2,67 kg oksigen. Sehingga untuk 85.9 C: (85,9) C + (229,07) O2 – > (314.97) CO2 2. Untuk pembentukan H2O 2H2 + O2 – > 2H2O 4 + 32 – > 36 4 kg hidrogen memerlukan 32 kg oksigen membentuk 36 kg air. Oleh karena itu 1 kg hidrogen memerlukan 32/4 kg atau 8 kg oksigen. Sehingga untuk 1 kg Hidrogen persamaannya adalah: Inert Gas System Kapal Motor Tanker Gandini Unsur Berat (%) Karbon 85,9 Hidrogen 12 Oksigen 0,7 Nitrogen 0,5 Sulfur 0,5 H2O 0,35 Abu 0,05 GCV bahan bakar 10880 kcal/kg Tabel 1. Komposisi Bahan Bakar dari Analisis Laboratorium Unsur Berat Molekul (kg/kg mol) C 12 O2 32 H2 2 S 32 N2 28 C 44 SO2 64 H2O 18

H2 + 8 O2 – > 9 H2O Untuk 12 kg unsur H2 (12) H2 + (96) O2 – > (108 ) H2O 3. Untuk pembentukan SO2 S + O2 – > SO2 32 + 32 – > 64 32 kg sulfur memerlukan 32 kg oksigen membentuk 64 kg sulfur dioksida. Oleh karena itu 1 kg sulfur memerlukan 32/32 kg atau 1 kg oksigen (0,5) S + (0,5 x 1) O2 ® 1,0 SO2. Sehingga add up to oksigen yang dibutuhkan untuk membakar 100 kg bahan bakar adalah 325,57 kg (229,07 + 96 + 0,5) kg. Oksigen yang sudah ada dalam100 kg bahan bakar = 0,7 kg.

Sehingga Oksigen tambahan yang diperlukan = 325,57 – 0,7 = 324,87 kg. Jumlah udara kering yang diperlukan untuk pembakaran 100 kg bahan bakar adalah = (324,87)/0,23 = 1412,45 kg (udara mengandung 23% berat oksigen) Sehingga udara teoritis yang diperlukan = (1412,45)/100=14,12 kg udara/kg b.bakar. Jadi untuk membakar setiap kg minyak bakar, diperlukan udara 14,12 kg. Sistem Gas Lembam Prinsip kerja dari pemakaian sistem gas lembam ini pada kapal tangker adalah untuk menjaga agar udara yang berada di dalam rongga tangki penyimpan minyak memiliki kandungan Oksigen (O2) maksimum 8% dan memiliki tekanan positip (di atas tekanan atmosfir).

Cara untuk menjaga agar kandungan Oksigen rongga udara di atas minyak rendah, yaitu dengan cara mendorong udara tersebut dengan gas lembam. Kapasitas bongkar kapal tangker dipengaruhi oleh kapasitas gas lembam yang disuplai ke rongga kargo. Klasifikasi status kadar karbon di ruang kargo sebagai berikut:

No Kadar O2 Status 1 11% Max.Oxygen Level 2 8% Max. Oxygen Level Allowed 3 5% Satisfactory Oxygen Level 4 < 3% Best Oxygen Level T

Menurut Smith (1985:412) bahwa Gas lembam dapat diperoleh dari berbagai cara, yaitu: (1) Pemanfaatan Gas buang evaporator, (2) Nitrogen, (3) Gas pembakaran burner, (4) Gas buang mesin diesel Masing-masing gas lembam yang dihasilkan oleh berbagai cara di atas memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Kerugian dan keuntungan memperoleh gas lembam yang diperoleh dari berbagai cara di atas adalah:

1. Gas buang heater; memiliki sifat yang korosif tetapi tidak perlu mengeluarkan biaya operasi tambahan untuk dapat memperoleh gas lembam karena pada kapal tangker selalu dilengkapi evaporator

2. Nitrogen; adalah gas yang tidak dapat terbakar, akan tetapi di kapal jumlahnya sangat terbatas dan harus mengeluarkan biaya untuk mendapatkannya. Untuk kargo berupa cairan kimia, maka dormant gas yang dipergunakan adalah Nitrogen. Hal tersebut dikarenakan tidak ada carbon/kotoran gas yang dihasilkan

3. Gas buang mesin diesel; meskipun diperoleh dengan cara memanfaatkan gas sisa pembakaran akan tetapi kandungan Oksigennya masih cukup tinggi, yaitu sekitar 12%.

4. Gas hasil pembakaran bahan bakar dengan burner; cara ini diperlukan biaya tambahan untuk bahan bakar, akan tetapi nilai positifnya adalah jumlah gas lembam yang dihasilkan dapat diatur dengan mudah. Dari berbagai cara memperoleh gas lembam di atas, yang withering banyak dijumpai pada kapal tangker adalah yang menggunakan burner.

Hal tersebut dikarenakan fleksibel pengaturannya. Kondisi Gas lembam yang dihasilkan dari inactive gas framework dengan menggunakan burner, adalah:

1. CO2 sebesar 13.76% dari volume. Sifatnya dormant dan toxid (beracun). Gas ini juga tidak perlu diragukan karena walaupun beracun, hanya dimasukkan dalam tangki dan yang penting tidak akan membantu memicu terjadinya kebakaran dan tidak korosif.

2. H2O sebesar 4.7% dari volume, bersifat Inert dan dapat diterima karena kadarnya rendah.

3. O2 sebesar 7.8% dari volume. Kadar O2 sebesar 7.5% di bawah upper – combustible.

4. CO sebesar 0,1% dari volume. CO merupakan toxid tapi kadarnya rendah. 5. Nitrogen sekitar 73.7% Temperatur gas pembakaran dari inactive gas berkisar 300 oC sampai 350oC. Temperatur tersebut terlalu tinggi untuk dapat dipergunakan sebagai gas lembam, sehingga harus didinginkan terlebih dahulu sebelum digunakan.

Elemen-elemen Inert Gas System Secara skematis compositions latent gas framework dengan menggunakan burner adalah seperti terlihat pada Gambar 1 berikut: Gambar 1. Skema Aliran Kerja Inert Gas System Keterangan:

A. Blower; Ruang pembakaran adalah ruang tertutup, sehingga diperlukan suplai udara untuk expositions pembakaran. Fungsi dari blower adalah untuk menyuplai udara pembakaran pada burner

B. Burner; Fungsi burner adalah untuk membakar bahan bakar agar diperoleh gas lembam

C. Pompa air laut; Untuk memompa air laut yang dipergunakan untuk menurunkan temperatur gas hasil pembakaran dan untuk mencegah programming interface agar tidak keluar dari ruang pembakaran.

D. Nozel Penyemprot Air Pendingin; Temperatur yang tinggi pada udara lembam sangat berbahaya, maka perlu untuk dinginkan. Pendinginan dilakukan dengan menyemprot udara lembam dengan air melalui nozel. E. Scrubber; Scrubber (Gambar 2) adalah tangki penghasil gas lembam yang di dalamnya berisi ruang bakar, alat pembakar/burner, saringan-saringan untuk menyaring gas hasil pembakaran serta nozel yang memancarkan air untuk mendinginkan.

Menurut Smith (1985:414) analisis berdasarkan volume kondisi unsur-unsur gas sesudah masuk scrubber adalah sebagai berikut:

F. Filter Demister; Fungsi dari filter ini adalah untuk menghindari kotoran dari hasil pembakaran masuk ke dalam tangki.

G. Pompa Bahan Bakar; Fungsi dari pompa ini adalah untuk memompakan bahan bakar ke burner agar memiliki tekanan penyemprotan yang sesuai, sehingga pembakaran dapat terjadi dengan sempurna.

I. Level Switch; Untuk mengatur ketinggian air pada scrubber. Jika ketinggian air berkurang, maka aliran listrik untuk pompa dialirkan, sehingga pompa akan berjalan dan air akan mengisi scrubber sampai pada batas ketinggian yang telah ditetapkan.

H. Katup Cerat (Drain Valve); Fungsinya adalah untuk menguras/ mengeluarkan cairan

J. Pengukur kadar O2 (Analyzer O2); Alat ini berfungsi untuk mengetahui kandungan Oksigen di dalam tangki. Inert Gas System Kapal Motor Tanker Gandini Jenis Gas Kandungan Carbon dioxide, CO2 12% Oxygen, O2 4.5% Sulphur dioxide, SO2 0.02% Nitrogen, N2 77%

Mengingat pentingnya fungsi alat ini, maka secara periodic dilakukan kalibrasi.

K. Pressure Connection; Fungsi alat ini adalah untuk mengukur tekanan udara di dalam tangki kargo.

L. Deck Water Seal; Pada tangki ini supplay air akan berlangsung selama inert gas system beroperasi. Air ini berfungsi mencegah aliran balik dari udara lembam yang akan dialirkan ke tangki cargo. Pada tanki ini terpasang sebuah sight glass yang berfungsi mengetahui ketinggian (volume ) air yang ada di dalam tangki secara periodik agar tidak terjadi kesalahan dalam melihat tinggi permukaan air, sebab kalau kondisi air kurang maka udara lembam akan kembali ke ruang pembakaran di inert gas sistem. Beberapa jenis deck water seal, berdasarkan standar inert gas system yang diterbitkan oleh Transport Canada, seperti terlihat pada gambar 3, yaitu:

(1) Wet type,

(2) Semi dry type,

(3) Dry type, seperti terlihat pada gambar

3 berikut: Gambar 3. Pipe line Inert Gas System di dek Kapal Dasar Perhitungan 1. Inert gas system Massa aliran gas lembam (mgl, kg/h) yang dihasilkan oleh inert gas system : (1) Keterangan Kbb : Konsumsi bahan bakar, kg/h Kud : Konsumsi udara per kg bahan bakar

2. Kalor Yang Dihasilkan di Furnace Jumlah kalor yang dihasilkan oleh pembakaran: (2) Dimana: Kbb : Konsumsi bahan bakar, kg/h : Nilai kalor bahan bakar, kcal/kg 3. Kalor yang Harus Dilepas Untuk memperoleh temperatur gas lembem yang sesuai untuk disuplai ke rongga tangki, maka gas hasil pembakaran harus didinginkan. Jumlah kalor yang harus dikeluarkan/dilepas dari gas lembam adalah: (3) 4. Kebutuhan Air Untuk Pendingin Kebutuhan air pendingin untuk keperluan pendinginan. atau (4) Dimana: ma : Massa aliran air pendingin (kg/h) ∆Tair : Perbedaan temperature air pendingin cp : Kapasitas panas air pendingin, kJ/kg.oC Hasil Pengolahan Data dan Pembahasan Data Hasil Kapal Tanker MT. GANDINI 1. Bendera : Indonesia 2. DWT(MT) : 32.04 (MT) 3. Tonage : 23.328 4. Kecepatan : 14 knot 5. Total isi tangki : 42.875 m3 6. Jenis muatan : Residual Marine, RMF 7. Jumlah tangki : 12 8. Kapasitas pompa kargo : 1.200 (m3 /h) Inert Gas System 1. Merek : Daewoo Heavy Ind. Ltd 2. Nozel size : m14 3. Konsumsi b.b : 20 US galon/h 4. Bahan bakar : Fuel oil Air laut sebagai pendingin, 1.Tmasuk : 25oC, 2. Tkeluar : 48oC Gas Lembam 1. Temp. gas keluar dari furnace : 350oC 2. Temperatur keluar pendinginan : 50oC (standar operasi) Inert Gas System Kapal Motor Tanker Gandini mgi = kbb + (kbb x kud) q = kbb x GCV q = kbb x GCV qcool = ma.cp.∆Tair ma = qcool ma.cp.∆Ta

Perhitungan Inert gas system Bahan bakar : Fuel Oil Massa jenis : 0.95 kg/l Konsumsi bahan bakar : 20 US galon/h = 75,708 l/h atau = 0.95 kg/l x 75,708 l/h = 71,92 kg/h Massa Aliran Gas Lembam Untuk proses pembakaran standar, kebutuhan udara untuk membakar 1 kg bahan bakar adalah sebesar 14.1245 kg udara. Akan tetapi untuk menghindari adanya bahan bakar yang tidak terbakar udara yang masuk ditambah dengan 55% Maka massa aliran gas lembam (mgl) yang dihasilkan setiap jam adalah: Dimana: Kbb : 71,92 kg/h Kud : 1.22 x 14.12 kg udara per kg bahan bakar. Maka massa aliran gas lembam adalah : Menurut Pedoman Efisiensi Energi untuk Industri di Asia diperoleh bahwa gas hasil pembakaran atas dasar prosentase massa, terdiri dari: CO2: 13.76% H2O: 4.7% SO2 : 0.04% O2 : 7.8% N2 : 73.7% Massa aliran masing-masing unsur gas hasil pembakaran adalah: Kapasitas Aliran Gas Lembam Pada temperatur 50oC density dan kapasitas aliran untuk masing-masing unsur adalah: E-Journal WIDYA Eksakta 39 Volume 1 Nomor 1 September 2015 Sri Endah Susilowati, 34 – 40 Kapastas produksi gas lembam 1.505,3 m3 /h dengan kandungan O2 sebesar 7,8%, artinya inert gas system tidak perlu dioperasikan secara penuh. Karena kebutuhannya hanya 1.200 m3 /h. Jadi cukup dioperasikan 80% saja. Pendinginan Gas Lembam Jumlah kalor yang dihasilkan oleh pembakaran: q = kbb x GCV Dimana : q : Kalor hasil pembakaran (kcal/h) Kbb : Konsumsi bahan bakar : 71,92 kg/h GCV : Nilai kalor b.bakar : 10.880 kcal/kg Maka : q = 71.62 x 10.880 = 779.226 (kcal / h) Temperatur udara luar 25oC, temperatur gas keluar dari furnace 350oC, sedangkan temperature akhir pendinginan 50oC (standar inert gas). Untuk mencapai temperatur gas lembam sebesar 50oC, maka kalor yang harus dikeluarkan dari sistem adalah sekitar 90% dari kalor yang dihasilkan pada proses pembakaran. Sehingga kalor yang harus dikeluarkan dari gas lembam: qcool = 90% x q = 90% x 779.226 qcool = 701.303 (kcal / h) Kebutuhan Air Pendingin Kebutuhan air pendingin untuk keperluan pendinginan gas lembam: Dimana : ma : Massa aliran air pendingin (kg/h) qcool = 701.303 (kcal / h) ∆Tair: Selisih temperature air pendingin TMasuk 25oC dan Tkeluar 48oC cp : pada Trata-rata 37.5oC = 4.174 kJ/kg.oC = 0.9971 kcal/kgoC Maka: Inert Gas System Kapal Motor Tanker Gandini mgi = 71.92 + (14.12 x 1.55 x 71.92) = 1646(kg/h) Usur Prosentase Massa Aliran (kg/h) CO2 13.76% 226 H2O 4.70% 77 SO2 0.04% 1 O2 7.80% 128 N2 73.70% 1,213 Tabel 5. Massa Gas Hasil Pembakaran Usur Density Massa Kapasitas (kg/m3) Aliran (kg/h) Aliran (m3/h) CO2 1.6597 226 136.5 H2O 0.6794 77 113.9 SO2 2.9270 1 0.2 O2 1.2068 128 106.4 N2 1.0564 1,213 1148.3 Total Kapasitas Aliran 1505.3 Tabel 6. Density dan Kapasitas Aliran untuk masing-masing Unsur ma = qcool ma.cp.∆Tair ma = = 30.580 (kg / h) 701.303 0.9971 x (48 – 25)

Massa jenis air (ρa) pada 37.5oC = 989 kg/m3 Maka kapasitas aliran air pendingin (Qcool) Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh di lapangan dan hasil perhitungan diperoleh bahwa:

1. Pada saat kapal tanker bongkar muatan, keluarnya isi kargo mengakibatkan bertambahnya volume rongga di atas permukaan cairan di dalam tangki, besarnya sesuai dengan volume isi kargo yang dipompakan keluar kapal.

2. Untuk menjaga agar jumlah oksigen di rongga tangki tetap berada dibawah 8% dari keseluruhan volume rongga, maka gas lembam harus dimasukkan/dialirkan ke dalam tangki untuk mencegah timbulnya kebakaran. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh:

1. Untuk pemakaian bahan bakar sebesar 20 US gal/jam, gas lembam yang dihasilkan adalah sebesar 1505,3 m3 /h, dengan kadar oksigen 7,8%

2. Untuk menjaga agar gas lembam yang masuk ke ruang tangki memiliki temperature 50oC, gas lembam yang keluar dari ruang bakar harus didinginkan. Besar kalor yang harus dikeluarkan adalah 701.303 kcal/h dengan cara menyemprotkan air laut sebanyak 31 m3 /h.

3. Untuk bongkar kargo dengan kapasitas 1.200 m3 /h, inert gas system cukup dioperasikan sebesar 80% saja. E-Journal WIDYA Eksakta 40 Volume 1 Nomor 1 September 2015 Sri Endah Susilowati, 34 – 40 PENUTUP Kesimpulan 1. Dengan konsumsi bahan bakar sebesar 20 US gal/h, kapasitas produksi gas lembam adalah sebesar 1.505,3 m 3 /h. 2. Untuk memperoleh temperatur standar gas lembam, gas hasil pembakaran furnace di dalam scrubber, gas didinginkan dengan menggunakan air laut dengan kapasitas aliran 31 m3 /h.

Saran Pada pengoperasian inert gas system jika kondisi tekanan, jumlah masing-masing unsure tidak sesuai komposisinya, terutama kadar oksigen maksimum 8%, serta temperature yang terlalu tinggi, maka disarankan dilakukan pengecekan pada elemen-elemen inert gas generator.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA Chruch, Austin H..

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